I assume you are using Win 8/8.1 ?
Open a Command Prompt (Admin) and enter
dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth to see what that reports and if it's still a no-go then enter
dism /online /cleanup-image /analysecomponentstore and post its report.
You may have to change the s in analyse to a z - auto correct at it again
Have you run a chkdsk to determine if there are any bad sectors on the HDD ?
Run this command from the Command Prompt (Admin) as well and when you just enter
chkdsk without any parameters it will give you a read-only report without fixing anything, but will recommend any remedial action if it finds anything amiss.
If you want to post its output then right click in the command window, click on Select all and press enter then right click in the reply box and select Paste.