See if disabling then re-enabling fast startup does anything for your boot up.
Go Start - type power options and press enter - click on Choose what closing the lid does then on Change settings that are currently unavailable then uncheck the box for fast startup - Save changes and then reboot.
Repeat the procedure to check the box for fast startup.
Shutdown then switch back on to see if there's any improvement.
For the rest, right click on the Start button and select Command Prompt (Admin) and enter -
dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth to see what that reports.
If it reports as irreparable then you're looking at a repair install - I assume you created bootable Win 10 ISO media ?
You don't lose any of your stuff with a repair install.
Enter - sfc /scannow to see what that reports.
If that reports unable to repair some files then enter -
dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
This can appear to hang at 20% but will complete.
Run another sfc /scannow to see if it still reports problems.
If it does then download/run SFCFix.exe and post its report if it reports that it cannot repair whatever files.
http://www.majorgeeks.com/files/details/sfcfix.html