Looking around Google, a few have had installation problems with this KB but have also gotten an error code.
Sometimes an AV program can be the cause of the failure and disabling that prior to another attempt may do it, but as you didn't get an error code, can you check Event Viewer for any time stamped Errors for around the fail.
You could also try these commands from a Command Prompt (Admin)
net stop wuauserv
ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
net start wuauserv
exit
Then a reboot.
This command will remove the update history but not affect the already installed updates.